Candlestick lines and charts
Upper
Shadow
Real
Body
Lower
Shadow
Candlestick Line
Candlestick lines and charts — tra-
ditional Japanese charts whose individual lines look like candles, hence their name. The candle- stick line is comprised of a real body and shadows. See “Real
body” and “shadow.”
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Candlestick Formations
Bullish Bearish
Belt Hold Lines
Belt-hold line — there are bullish and bear-
ish belt holds. A bullish belt hold is a tall white candlestick that opens on its low. It is also called a white opening shaven bottom. At a low price area, this is a bullish signal. A bearish belt hold is a long black candlestick which opens on its high. Also referred to as a black opening shaven head. At a high
price level, it is considered bearish.
Candlestick Formations
Bullish Bearish
Counterattack Lines
Counterattack lines — following a black
(white) candlestick in a downtrend (up- trend), the market gaps sharply lower (higher) on the opening and then closes unchangedfromthepriorsession’sclose. A pattern which reflects a stalemate be-
tween the bulls and bears.
Candlestick Formations
Dark-Cloud Cover
Dark-cloud cover — a bearish reversal sig-
nal. In an uptrend a long white candlestick is followed by a black candlestick that opens above the prior white candlestick’s high. It then closes well into the white
candlestick’s real body.
Candlestick Formations
Long
Legged
Grave- Stone
Doji
Doji –a session in which the open and close
are the same (or almost the same). There are different varieties of doji lines (such as a gravestone or long-legged doji) depending on where the opening and closing are in relation to the entire range. Doji lines are among the most important individual candle- stick lines. They are also components of
important candlestick patterns.
Candlestick Formations
Bullish
Bearish
Engulfing Patterns
Engulfing patterns — there is a bullish and bearish engulfing pattern. A bullish engulfing pattern is comprised of a large whie real body which engulfs a small black real body in a down- trend. The bullish engulfing pattern is an impor- tant bottom reversal. A bearish engulfing pattern (a major top reversal pattern), occurs when sell- ing pressure overwhelms buying pressure as refleccted by a long black real body engulfing a
small white real body in an uptrend.
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Candlestick Formations
Doji Star
Doji star — a doji line which gaps from
a long white or black candlestick. An important reversal pattern with confir-
mation during the next session.
Candlestick Formations
Evening Star
Evening star — a major top reversal
pattern formed by three candlesticks. The first is a tall white real body, the second is a small real body (white or black) which gaps higher to form a star, the third is a black candlestick which closes well into the first session’s white
real body.
Candlestick Formations
Evening Doji Star
Evening doji star — the same as an
evening star except the middle candle- stick (i.e., the star portion) is a doji instead of a small real body. Because there is a doji in this patter, it is consid- ered more bearish than the regular
evening star.
Candlestick Formations
Hammer
Hammer—animportantbottomingcandle-
stick line. The hammer and the hanging man are both the same line, that is a small real body (white or black) at the top of the session’s range and a very long lower shadow with little or no upper shadow. When this line appears during a downtrend it becomes a bullish hammer. For a classic hammer, the lower shadow should be at least twice the height of the real body.
Candlestick Formations
Hanging Man
Hanging man — an important top reversal. The hanging man and the hammer are both the same type of candlestick line (i.e., a small real body (white or black), with little or no upper shadow, at the top of the session’s range and a very long lower shadow). But when this line appears during an uptrend, it becomes a bearish hanging man. It signals the market has become vulnerable, but there should be bearish confirmation the next session (i.e., a black candlestick session with a lower close or a weaker opening) to signal a top. In principle, the hanging man’s lower shadow should be two or three times the
height of the real body.
Candlestick Formations
Harami
Harami — a two candlestick pattern in which a small real body holds within the prior session’s unusually large real body. The harami implies the immediately preceding trend is concluded and that the bulls and bears are now in a state of truce. The color of the second real body can be white or black. Most often the second real body is
the opposite color of the first real body.
Candlestick Formations
Harami Cross
Harami cross — a harami with a doji
on the second session instead of a small real body. An important top (bot- tom) reversal signal especially after a tall white (black) candlestick line. It is
also called a petrifying pattern.
Candlestick Formations
Inverted Hammer
Inverted hammer — following a down-
trend, this is a candlestick line that has a long upper shadow and a small real body at the lower end of the session. There should be no, or very little, lower shadow. It has the same shape as the bearish shooting star, but when this line occurs in a downtrend, it is a bullish bottom reversal signal with confirma- tion the next session (i.e., a white candlestick with a higher close or a higher opening).
Candlestick Formations
Morning Star
Morning star — a major bottom reversal
pattern formed by three candlesticks. The first is a long black real body, the second is a small real body (white or black) which gaps lower to form a star, the third is a white candlestick that closes well into the first
session’s black real body.
Candlestick Formations
Morning Doji Star
Morning doji star — the same as a morning star except the middle candle- stick is a doji instead of a small real body. Because there is a doji in this pattern it is considered more bullish
than the regular morning star.
Candlestick Formations
Piercing Pattern
Piercing pattern — a bottom reversal signal. In a downtrend, a long black candlestick is followed by a gap lower during the next session. This session finishes as a strong white candlestick which closes more than halfway into the prior black candlestick’s real body. Com- pare to the on-neck line, the in-neck line,
and the thrusting line.
Candlestick Formations
Tops
Bottoms
Tweezers
Tweezers top and bottom — when the same
highs or lows are tested the next session or within a few sessions. They are minor reversal signals that take on extra importance if the two candle- sticks that comprise the tweezers pattern also form another candlestick indicator. For example, if both sessions of a harami cross have the same high it could be an important top reversal since there would be a tweezers top and a bearish harami
cross made by the same two candlestick lines.
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